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09. Stacking Decorators

Multiple decorators can be applied to a single function.

Example​

def bold(func):
    def wrapper():
        return "<b>" + func() + "</b>"
    return wrapper

def italic(func):
    def wrapper():
        return "<i>" + func() + "</i>"
    return wrapper

@bold
@italic
def greet():
    return "Hello"

print(greet())  # <b><i>Hello</i></b>

Order Matters​

Decorators are applied from the bottom up.

Practice Challenge​

Write two decorators uppercase and exclaim and stack them on a function returning "hello".

Wrap-Up​

  • Multiple decorators can be stacked.
  • Application order is important.