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58. What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

1. Introduction​

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm based on "objects".
Objects combine data (attributes) and behavior (methods).

2. Why OOP?​

  • Encapsulation: group data + functions.
  • Reusability: write once, reuse with inheritance.
  • Abstraction: hide complexity.
  • Modularity: divide large programs into manageable parts.

3. Classes and Objects​

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def bark(self):
        print(self.name, "says woof!")

my_dog = Dog("Buddy")
my_dog.bark()

4. OOP Terminology​

  • Class → blueprint.
  • Object (instance) → created from class.
  • Attributes → variables inside objects.
  • Methods → functions inside objects.

5. Procedural vs OOP​

  • Procedural → functions and data separate.
  • OOP → functions + data bundled together.

6. Next Steps​

✅ You now understand the basics of OOP.
Next: Creating classes and objects.