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71. Error Handling

1. Introduction​

Robust programs handle errors gracefully.
Our File Manager should never crash due to missing files or permission issues.

2. Handling Missing Files​

def safe_delete(path):
    try:
        os.remove(path)
        print("Deleted", path)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Error: File not found")
    except PermissionError:
        print("Error: Permission denied")

3. Wrapping File Operations​

All file/directory operations should be wrapped in try/except.

def safe_read(path):
    try:
        with open(path) as f:
            print(f.read())
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("File not found")
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        print("Cannot decode file")

4. CLI Integration​

if args.command == "delete":
    safe_delete(args.path)
elif args.command == "read":
    safe_read(args.path)

5. Best Practices​

  • Catch specific exceptions first.
  • Provide clear error messages.
  • Use logging in larger projects.

6. Next Steps​

✅ Our program is now more robust.
Next: Refactor with OOP for better design.