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6. Introspection Basics

Introspection is examining objects at runtime to learn about their type and attributes.

Built-in Functions​

  • type(obj) → type of object
  • dir(obj) → list of attributes
  • id(obj) → memory address (unique identifier)
  • isinstance(obj, cls) → type check

Example​

x = [1, 2, 3]
print(type(x))
print(dir(x))

Wrap-Up​

Introspection lets you explore objects dynamically, useful for debugging and frameworks.