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1. Memory Model

Python manages memory automatically, but understanding the basics helps write efficient code.

Key Concepts​

  • Objects: Everything in Python is an object stored in memory.
  • References: Variables are references (pointers) to objects.
  • Heap: Objects are stored in a private heap managed by the Python interpreter.

Example​

x = [1, 2, 3]
y = x
y.append(4)
print(x)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]

Both x and y point to the same object in memory.

Wrap-Up​

Understanding Python's memory model is key for avoiding unintended aliasing and writing efficient code.